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gear with shaft dia40mm length 230 teeth 14 shaft dia 25mm width 6.5mm length 168mm
by calculating I=1/12bh3
If bending low carbon steel pipe to 90 (right angle) you need to add another 5 for it to spring back.
Use the formula for a cylinder to find out the volume. Then multiply the volume by the density of steel (about 7900 kg/m3 - but it may vary slightly depending on the type of steel).
That depends... on the composition of the steel !
Curtailment is optimizing steel w.r.t changes in Bending moment over a section
My= As*Fy*Jd As= Area of steel reinforcement (tensile steel only) Fy= yield strength of steel Jd= moment arm
Assuming linear elastic bending with small deformations and planes perpendicular to the neutral axis remain plane after bending, then for a rectangular beam: Moment = (Yield Stress)*(Second Moment of Area)/(Distance of surface to Neutral Axis) For Ultimate Bending Moment, assume stress is uniform throughout the beam, and acting through half the distance from surface to neutral axis, then: Moment = Stress * (Area/2)*(h/4 + h/4) For a better visualization check out Popov's textbook, Engineering Mechanics of Solids, Chapter 6, Section 6.10
bar cranking is the process of bending up the bottom steel bars in upward direction. it is mainly to prevent upward bending moment near the joint. also useful for attaching stirrup bar efectivly. cranking is also used in two way slabs
Check this site for calculating weight and volume of different geomatrical shape www(dot)volumeandweightcalculator(dot)com The calculators in site can be used for all unit system
The chemical formula for steel is Fe3C
Some physical changes with steel occur when you melt the steel or when you crush steel.
gear with shaft dia40mm length 230 teeth 14 shaft dia 25mm width 6.5mm length 168mm
I searched for properties of 1" x 3" 11 gauge rectangular steel tubing, but that is an odd size. We will have to calculate the section modulus (excluding corner radius): S = bd^3 - b1d1^3/6d b = 1" d = 3" b1 = 1 - 2x0.091 = 0.818 d1 = 3 - 2x0.091 = 2.818 S = [(1 x 3^3) - (0.818 x 2.818^3)] / (6 x 3) = 0.483 in^3 M (maximum bending moment) = [P (point load) x l (length)] / 4 Solving for P: P = 4M/l M = s x S Where: s (allowable bending stress) = .55 x yield strength of steel To be conservative we will assume that the steel you have is 30,000 psi M = .55 x 30,000 x 0.483 = 7,969 in-lb P = 4 x 7,969 / 72 in = 442#
by calculating I=1/12bh3
Positive and Negative are just directions. The main concern is whether there exist a bending moment or not. Then according to sign convention we classify bending moment as positive or negative. Elaborating on this point, If clockwise bending moments are taken as negative, then a negative bending moment within an element will cause "sagging", and a positive moment will cause "hogging" Sagging and hogging moments are important to differentiate. As hogging causes tension in the upper part of the beam x-section whereas sagging causes tension in the lower part of the x-section. This concept is of great importance in designing reinforced concrete members as we have to provide steel rebar in the zone of beam having tensile stress as concrete is weak in tension.
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