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An earth leakage relay is an electronic or electromechanical device that detects the current flowing to earth (Americans call this ground). If this earth leakage current is above a preset level (and carries on for a preset time) the relay is "tripped" - this may switch on an alarm signal - or more usually it simply disconnects the supply. Currents may flow to earth due to a fault condition or because of lots of individual items connected to the supply have a small "leakage" to earth.

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