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For moderately large numbers, N, you can try dividing by prime numbers up to the square root of N. Each time you find a factor, f, you replace N by N/f, and continue with primes from f onwards.

However, this method is impractical for really large numbers: ones that are the product of two primes, each a hundred digits long, for example. And that is why such numbers are used for encryption (codes).

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Q: What is the process of finding the factors of a big number?
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