0
What is the third law of thermodynamics as defined by Ludwig Boltzmann?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
"As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value."
"it is impossible by any procedure, no matter how idealised, to reduce any system to the absolute zero of temperature in a finite number of operations".
Lewis (of Lewis acids and bases fame) and Merle Randall phrased it as
"If the entropy of each element in some (perfect) crystalline state be taken as zero at the absolute zero of temperature, every substance has a finite positive entropy; but at the absolute zero of temperature the entropy may become zero, and does so become in the case of perfect crystalline substances."
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoThe entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 k is zero.
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
How many thermodynamics laws are there?
Basically four: the zeroeth law, the first law, the second law and the third law.
What is a precious stone with third letter w?
The word is jewel. It is defined as a precious stone.
Could you review the laws of thermodynamics?
Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they must be in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define the notion of temperature.First law of thermodynamics: Heat is a form of energy.Because energy is conserved, the internal energy of a system changes as heat flows in or out of it. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible.Second law of thermodynamics: The entropy of any closed system not in thermal equilibrium almost always increases.Closed systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium -- the state of maximum entropy of the system -- in a process known as "thermalization". Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible.Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches zero.The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has
What states that the two system which are in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other?
Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they must be in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law helps define the notion of temperature.
How do you know the third law of thermodynamics is true?
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero. This is true because of the reverse application that it is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite number of finite operations. To be honest, it comes from a need to define what we mean by "zero entropy". The assumption is that the alignment of a perfect crystal leaves no ambiguity as to the position of the components of the system and the orientation of each part of the crystal is identical. As the energy of the crystal is reduced, the unique vibrations of each atom are reduced to nothing. At that point all parts of the crystal are exactly the same in terms of orientations, locations, etc. Keep in mind that with the development of quantum thermodynamics, the third law moved from a "fundamental law" to a "derived law", i.e. derived from even more fundamental laws. In this case, it comes from the definition of absolute entropy as the deviation from a state called So where everything is in one state. The deviations are counted as the number of different microstates (Ω) and the entropy is the Boltzman constant (kB) times the natural log of the microstates S-So = kB ln Ω It is true because that's how we define things and we have no other way of describing a situation with less entropy than a crystal that is perfectly uniform and not vibrating.
Which law of thermodynamics states that the heat engine cannot be completely efficient?
True
What if you did not have energy on earth?
Third law of thermodynamics says that it's impossible to have zero energy ever.
Example of third law of thermodynamics?
The law that states the functional group of a halide is HX thank you
What is the birth name of Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony?
Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony's birth name is Friedrich August Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp von Sachsen.
How many thermodynamics laws are there?
Basically four: the zeroeth law, the first law, the second law and the third law.
What has the author Hans Ludwig Keller written?
Hans Ludwig Keller has written: 'Der Drittschadensersatz bei Vertragsverletzung' -- subject(s): Breach of contract, Third parties (Law)
When was Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony born?
Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony was born on May 25, 1865, in Vienna, Austria.
When did Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony die?
Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp King Friedrich August the Third of Saxony died on February 18, 1932, in Sibyllenort, Lower Silesia, Germany [now Szczodre, Dolnoslaskie, Poland].
What are user-defined functions?
User-defined functions are functions that are not provided by the language itself. They are the functions that you yourself write or that are provided for you by a third-party.
What is the mathematical expression for the third law of thermodynamics?
The third law could be expressed as: If T1 = T2 and T2 = T3, then T1 = T3. Where T1 is the temperature of system (or object) 1. T2 is the temperature of system (or object) 2. T3 is the temperature of system (or object) 3. That may seem trivial from an algebraic standpoint but it has profound implications in thermodynamics because it helps define the meaning of temperature and thermal equilibrium.
What has the author Michael J Moran written?
Michael J. Moran has written: 'Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics Third Edition and Problem Set Supplement to Accompany Fundamentals to Thermodynamics and Interactive Thermodynamics V 1.5 and Appendices to Accompany Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics' 'Solutions to problems in availability analysis' -- subject(s): Examinations, questions, Power (Mechanics), Thermodynamics, Energy conservation 'Occurrence and implications of methyl tert-butyl ether and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water and source water in the United States and in drinking water in 12 northeast and mid-atlantic states, 1993-2002' -- subject(s): Butyl methyl ether, Contamination, Drinking water, Environmental aspects, Environmental aspects of Butyl methyl ether, Environmental aspects of Gasoline, Gasoline, Groundwater, Pollution, Water 'Fundamentals of engineering thermodynmaics' -- subject(s): Thermodynamics 'Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics' -- subject(s): Thermodynamics, OverDrive, Nonfiction, Science
What is a precious stone with third letter w?
The word is jewel. It is defined as a precious stone.
