Outliers.
It is one of the informal definitions for an outlier.
outliers
I believe outliers is the best answer to this question. The previous answer was average, which is the mean.
variances
They are observations with a low likelihood of occurrence. They may be called outliers but there is no agreed definition for outliers.
Extreme values. They might also be called outliers but there is no agreed definition for the term "outlier".
Outliers
You may be referring to the statistical term 'outlier(s)'. Also, there is a rule in statistics called the '68-95-99 Rule'. It states that in a normally distributed dataset approximately 68% of the observations will be within plus/minus one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within plus/minus two standard deviations, and 99% within plus/minus three standard deviations. So if your data follow the classic bell-shaped curve, roughly 1% of the measures should fall beyond three standard deviations of the mean.
It is a measurement which may, sometimes, be called an extreme observation or an outlier. However, there is no agreed definition for outliers.
Measurements. Just because a particular result lies far from the mean doesn't make it any different. If it's noticeably far from the "crowd" of all the other measurements, it can be called an outlier. An outlier isn't necessarily bad, just different. It should be examined in detail to see if there's something odd about it, but not discarded out of hand.
The answer depends on what the standard deviation is.