matter
No; volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Mass measures the amount of substance an object contains.
Density. The question is a bit misleading, but seems to ask what tells us how much mass (massive) something has for its volume (size). The answer to that question is density.
The more massive the object is, or the faster the object is moving, the bigger the crater will be.
Mass, not density, and the closeness of objects, affects an object's gravitational pull. Density is not dependent on an object's size, but mass is. The more massive an object, and/or the closer an object is to another, the greater its gravitational pull.
If you observe an object in an elliptical orbit around something, AND you know the mass of the orbiting object AND the size of the orbit, you can calculate the mass of the object at the center (more precisely, at one of the foci) of the orbit. We observe several stars orbiting the super-massive black hole at our galactic center. We can calculate their mass based on the light they give off, and we can measure their orbits over time. From this, we can calculate the mass of that black hole.
It means that the object you are observing is shown at 100 times its actual size.
So a size dependent property is going to be a property that duh.. depends on the size. Like mass, volume etc. A size independent property is going to be a property that is intrinsic to the object, regardless of size. For example: the color of something. if you have a purple flower, the color of the flower does not change if you have two or three or four of them. density of an object is also another one.
matter
size
the object's distance, size and locatioin
The more massive the object is, or the faster the object is moving, the bigger the crater will be.
By size I think you mean the volume. And no, you also need the density of the object. Which tells you how much a given size weighs.
A small rock will have the most massive effects due to its size...compared to something like a boulder, anyway.
Size is how big something is, scale is how much is in that object. Think of the universe for example.
The slope of the speed/time graph is the magnitude (size) of the object's acceleration.
It tells us that the sizes of forces are equal and directions of forces are opposite.
When something in science is said to be massive, it does not refer to the object's physical dimensions; it refers to the object's mass, which is the amount of matter it contains. A black hole is an object, usually a dead star, that has completely collapsed under the force of its own gravity to a single point. The "size" of a black hole is often measure by the radius of the event horizon. For a black hole 3 times the mass of the sun, which is about the lower limit, the event horizon would be about 11 miles in diameter.
Massive. Absolutely Massive
Large means something or an object that is big in size.