A ruler.
Metres or centimetres.
A Scale.
a ruler
cm
Millimeters.
no
The answer depends on what characteristic you wish to measure: its mass, length, volume etc.
manometer
A dynamometer or "dyno".
100mL of measuring cylinder is the most appropriate (more than beaker) piece of equipment to measure 85mL of water.
It depends on whether it is a 15 yard x 15 yard carpet of a 15 inch x 15 inch piece (eg carpet tile), or in metric units, or some non-standard measure.
As square inches are a measure of area, you can measure any area you like in square inches. However, depending upon the size of the area: square feet may be more appropriate for the size of a room square yards may be more appropriate for a small piece of land acres may be more appropriate for a larger piece of land square miles may be more appropriate for a very large piece of land.