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Chromatography
7.5 grams
It is a term used to denote the part, or fraction, of something that actually has mass, or the amount of a specific element within a compound. For example, think of a jar full of marbles. There is some space in between the marbles that is empty, yes it contains air but for the purpose of this example consider it to be empty space. If the total volume of the jar the marbles occupy is 95%, then you could say that the mass fraction in the jar is 95% of the total volume. You could also think of this in another way. Compounds are made up of various elements. Say you have common bleach, sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, and you want to know what % of bleach is actually chlorine. The total weight of a molecule of NaOCl is 74 g/mol. Since Cl weighs 35g/mol the mass fraction of chlorine in NaOCl is 35/74 *100% or 47.29%.
From the question: 3b+2g=22 2b+3g=23 we add up the equations: 5b+5g=45 divide by 5: b+g=9 So the combined mass is 9 grams.
Because you have to do work on the pair ... add work to them ...in order to separate them.
I suppose that the manual separation is the most simple method.
Chromatography
At the simplest level, one would analyze the color of each marble, creating two piles of marbles (one red and one blue). If the person was not able to see colors, they might consider using a spectrometer (spectrograph). Measuring each marble individually, each marble would be placed in the device and the wavelength would be displayed by the device. Based on the wavelength (red is in the range of 620-750nm and blue is in the range of 450-475nm), the person would still create two piles of marbles, the higher wavelength one (indicating red) and the lower wavelength one (indicating blue).
The mass differences between uranium isotopes is extremely low. But the separation is so still possible at laboratory scale but not practical: ion exchange separation, distillation.
7.5 grams
I believe that when the meteor that destroyed the dinosaurs hit the earth, the destruction of the dinosaurs was not the only effect. It also caused the separation of the large land mass to separate by creating a weakness in the land mass that allowed the tectonic plates to shift and move slowly over millions of years.
Density is mass per unit volume. More marbles is more mass, but will be more volume as well. If the marbles are all the same, any number of them will have the same density, which is 2.5 grams/cm3. This is a "thinking" problem rather than a "calculation" problem.
Use a scale to find the mass of several marbles. Put some water in a graduated cylinder. Take a reading. Place all the marbles in the grad. cylinder with the water, which will rise. Take another reading. Make sure the marbles are completely submerged. Subtract the 2 readings. This gives the volume of the marbles. This is called the water displacement method. Divide mass by volume. This gives you the density.
Mass and distance of separation.
Gravity acts between every two things that have any mass.
There isn't a definite date, but Marbles originated in Harappan civilization in Pakistan near the river Indus. Various marbles of stone were found on excavation near Mohenjo-daro. Marbles are also often mentioned in Roman literature, and there are many examples of marbles from ancient Egypt. They were commonly made of clay, stone or glass and commonly referred to as a "Glass alley". Ceramic marbles entered inexpensive mass production in the 1870s
Moqui marbles are neat little concretions formed in sedimentary rock. Hematite cements the granules together into a hardened spherical mass, then erosion removes the surrounding sandstone.