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The volume should not change if the cylinder is rigid.
If the volume is reduced, and all else remains the same, then the pressure will increase by a factor of 2, or it will double.
A piston cylinder process actually includes two processes. The gas inside the piston undergoes both the constant pressure process and the contant volume process.
That all depends on the type of gas and volume given for the problem. We can't determine the mass and density of the gas cylinder if we are not given these info, which can also include pressure (because density varies based on that variable).
enthalpy H i the sum of the internal energy U and the 'pV-energy'= p*V. The pV term is also called flow-energy, pressure-energy or energy of displacement. The p is the external pressure, but for systems at constant pressure it is also equal to the internal pressure. Hence: H=U+pV. It follows that H is a composite form of energy, a statement not commonly found in the literature. >> 'Energy-balance of the Joule-Thomson experiment: Enthalpy change at decompression.' (NPT-procestechnologie, 2010, 17(4)18-22)
Hoop stress is just nothing but stress which can be acted upon circumferentialy formed material, where as subjected to internal & external pressure. Formula is (internal pressure*outside dia of cylinder)/internal dia of cylinder If innternal pr goes beyond 80mpa, this presuure vessel is in safer side
They don't really break. The internal seals deteriorate and fail. This results in the master cylinder not holding pressure. The repair is to replace it.
In terms of engines, an external combustion engine such as a steam engine burns fuel outside of the pressure cylinder used to drive the piston. An internal combustion engine such as a petrol or diesel engine burns the fuel inside the pressure cylinder used to drive the piston.
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this is question related to the strength of materials rather than the hydraulics the basic equation for the stresses in thick walled cylinders will give you the pressure at which the respective hydraulic cylinder can be operated. for radial stress=((piri2 )/ (r02 -ri2)) * ((1 - (ro2/r2))) where pi is the internal pressure of the cylinder ri is the internal radius of the cylinder. r0 is external radius of the cylinder. r is the radius of the point you have selected on the cylinder (this is mostly ri because it is the point were high stress is felt .apparently this formula gives the value of radial stress at point selected by you that is the 'r' value) for tangential stress=((piri2 )/ (r02 -ri2)) * ((1 + (ro2/r2))) adding the 'tangential stress' and the 'radial stress' would give you the value of the 'axial stress' this along with some 'factor of safety' value can determine the operating pressure of the hydraulic cylinder or in this case the internal pressure of the cylinder.
Internal combustion engine is where the fuel is ignited in the cylinder to make the piston move, petrol or diesel. A steam engine has an external pressure vessel to supply the steam to the cylinder to push the piston. the is no combustion in the engine as such.
It may be that your clutch master cylinder is bad, or more than likely one of the internal components within the cylinder, have the clutch master cylinder checked.
Essentially, they are the same, pressurised gas in a closed cylinder forcing a piston along which turns a crank via a con rod converting linear to rotary force. The main difference is how the pressurised gas is delivered: In an internal combustion engine, fuel and air are sucked into the cylinder, valves are closed, fuel/Air is ignited, combustion takes place, heat makes pressure. So the pressure by combustion is created inside the cylinder (internally) In an external combustion engine, the gas is pressurised prior to entering the cylinder, in the case of a (piston) steam engine, water is boiled (by coal or other fuel combustion) in a closed container (boiler) to create pressurised steam, which is then delivered to the cylinder under pressure. So the pressure by combustion is created outside the cylinder (externally)
The internal water pressure in plants is countered by the cell wall. This is called turgor pressure.
Low oil pressure Low cylinder pressure Anti freeze coming out of the tailpipe (sickly sweet smell) Water in oil Oil in water Frothing or bubbling in radiator
The test pressure is always stamped on the cylinder along with the working pressure, physical volume, manufacture date etc. It is generally about twice the working pressure of the cylinder.
Pressure Shaft is designed to resist Internal as well as External Pressure, but the Penstock is designed to resist Internal Pressure only. - Saravanan.S