There are three different units of measure for temperature, degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius, or Kelvins. (Degrees are not used with Kelvins.)
in
Degrees Celsius (or Kelvin).
Degrees Celsius.
Enthalpy is the measurement of heat, Joule (J) is the unit. Temperature is not a measurement of heat. Temperature has the unit Kelvin (K) or Celsius (oC)
Degrees Celsius, kilometres.
The SI unit of measurement for temperature is the kelvin(K). Celsius is not an SI unit (it is a metric unit), but may be used alongside it.
Feet.
a centimeter
A shoe.
That depends what you want to measure about the gas: its volume, mass, transparency, temperature, etc. The really isn't such a thing as a "unit of measurement of gas", there are units of measurement for mass, volume, temperature, etc., all of which can be attributes of a specific gas.
You would use CM or INCHES to measure a knife
what unit of measure is thickness og a ballpen