safety ground
yes
a shorted out outlet can cause a backfeed on the white wire, an open circuit on the white wire with and electrical appliance plugged in to an outlet can cause the same type of backfeed
Yes, you can still have an electrical fault current on an appliance or the wiring which needs to have a ground return path for personal and equipment safety.
most likely a bad wire or a lose connection on the back of the outlet!
Black wire to copper screw, white wire to silver screw, bare copper ground wire to green ground screw.
You need electrical wire, electrical tape, a screwdriver, and wire cutters. All these items are necessary to complete that task. You also need to have the outlet box that you will be using.
I'd suggest checking into the electrical codes for your location because often it's not legal for people to do their own electrical work without at least an inspection by an electrician BEFORE power is applied. Having said that, the black wire normally indicates "hot". I'd recommend that you try to look at a similar outlet to see how it is wired, or check Wikipedia for electrical wiring. House wiring is of course extremely dangerous. Make sure that you understand the safety rules before working on anything electrical.
to ensure grounding safety.
Yes, but it must then be clearly labeled that it is only for devices that are dimmer compatible (no motors, no fans, no computers, no nondimable lights, etc.) This might reasonably be done for an outlet that is dedicated to a single lamp.However some electrical codes may prohibit this (even though it can be done) for safety.
Safety!!!!Although the neutral wire is also connected to ground/earth, it has current flowing through it and can thus easily have 20VAC (sometimes more) on it at the outlet. If this were connected to the metal housing of appliances it could cause a significant electrical shock to the user.The ground/earth wire is never supposed to have current flowing, so it will always have 0V on it at the outlet and can thus be wired to the metal housing of appliances without risking electrical shock to the user.
Just make it a junction box. Remove the outlet, tie the blacks together under a wire nut. The the whites together under a wire nut. Tie the ground wires together under a wire nut. Push all the wires back into the outlet box and cover it with a blank cover. Paint the cover the same color as the wall. Do not sheet-rock over the outlet box. All junction boxes must be accessible.
Warning: This is NOT a detailed tutorial but rather an overview of the concept that omits any mention of basic electrical safety procedures or any existing wiring alternatives or obstacles you might encounter. If you are not familiar with electrical code and permits, do not attempt this. Split the hot/black wire and put the side coming from your service panel on the top lug of the switch, and the wire going to the receptacle on the bottom lug. Don't forget to connect your ground to the switch. Depending on your application this may not be legal under the current electrical code.