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They are probably both hot. It probably is a 220v feed, like a dryer, or electric stove; and not a 110v appliance, like a lamp. In order to run an appliance the net charge must be zero. In a 110v appliance one leg is 110 (alternating between positive and negative about 60/sec), and the neutral wire removes the charge (back to the grounded busbar in your service panel) to get to zero. In a 220v system each wire is hooked up to opposite charged buses in your service panel; one is +110, one is -110 (alternating 60/sec) so again the net is zero. The ground wire in a 220 (usually green) is for safety purposes to give the electricity an easy path to ground in case something goes wrong; else YOU could become the path to ground. If you only have two wires, a red and black, most likely the ground is through the metal conduit (hopefully with no breaks in the path back to the service panel).

With that said, be very careful. People do weird things when they wire stuff. If you do not have the equipment and know-how to determine what is what, CALL A PROFESSIONAL.

Additional InformationAll that being said... you didn't indicate whether this was house, business or some OTHER wiring.

In DC circuitry, Red is positive, Black is negative.

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Q: What wire is the hot when there is only a red and black wire?
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