a manometer or vacuum gauge
Because mercury has properties in it that react to temperature, but coloured water would just stay at the same level the whole time.
Mercury's density is around 13.54 x that of water, so the pressures (in mm of water) would be 13.54 x what they are for mercury - 100 mm Hg would be around 1354 mm H2O
Depends on the medium, and whether the ball is solid or not. A solid ball would float on mercury, sink in water. If it were hollow enough (or filled with, say, cork) it would float in water.
Mercury would not float on water. This is because the density of Mercury (5427kg/m3) is greater than the density of water (1000kg/m3).
Suppose so, but the mercury would fall, instead of rising with temperature increase.
In water mercury would sink very quickly as it is very heavy. Keep in mind that part of mercury dissolves in water and is extremely poisonous.
I'm not sure if this answer is the kind of answer you're looking for, but basically, you would have to use a much larger amount of water than mercury to get an accurate reading of atmospheric pressure. This is because water is not nearly as dense as mercury, so it takes much less atmospheric pressure to raise the water up the tube in a water barometer. This results in water rising much more easily than mercury. Obviously, then, a water barometer would have to be much larger than a mercury one. Since mercury is more dense than water, mercury barometers are much smaller. So, if you put water in a mercury barometer instead of mercury, the reading you get would be way too high.Air pressure at sea level is about 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi) and can push a column of water almost 33 feet high, but it can only push mercury 30 inches high. Roughly, ever inch of mercury equals a foot of water.
nope it would be impossible
yes, it is different because instead of reading the bottom of the meniscus, with mercury you would have to read the top from the direction the curve is
Not Much
No, however most moats were filled with spikes under the water so if anybody would try to cross it, they would fail.
You would find water ice inside some of the shaded parts of craters.