10^3 = 1000 1000 meters = 1 Kilometer
Ten to the 24th power, 1024, is called ten to the 24th power.
Ten quadrillion
Ten to the seventh power is equal to 10,000,000. So, ten to the seventh power meters per second would be 10,000,000 meters per second, which is extremely fast - much faster than the speed of sound or light.
Scientific notation is simply a number between 1 and 9 multiplied by a power of ten. If your height needs three digits, then you would write 1.32 (not 13.2 or .132 or 132), times the power of ten for the actual size of the number. For example, 132 meters is 1.32*10^2 meters in scientific notation.
100100 = 10200 = a googol squared The clearest name for that number would be "ten to the two hundredth power."
Godzillion
It is called "one hundred million".
ten percent of ninety meters = 9 meters
No, it would be divisible by ten.
10 to the 15th power is equal to 1000000000000000. This is called 1 quadrillion.
The exponent.
yes, nothing prevents you from having exponents that also have exponents. In the case that you ask about, of ten to the ten to the ten, that would be better expressed as ten to the ten billion, or 1010,000,000,000.