Around 240 BC.
Use a Caterpillar!
Head circumference of 3 year old?
Essentially, yes. The earth accumulates cosmic dust, meteorites and the occasional comet, but not at a rate significant enough to appreciably change the earth's circumference. The sinking of heavy rock, such as caused by the recent 8.8 magnitude earthquake in Chile also does not measureably change the earth's circumference. Some scientists estimated earth's rotational velocity may have accelerated as much as a millionth of a second per day from that earthquake, however. The motion of the continental plates about earth's surface does not appreciably affect earth's circumference either. These plates move about on a half billion year cycle known as the Wilson Cycle.
what is the average head circumference of a 5 year old boy
It might actually be a really good idea to move the Earth farther away from the sun, giving the Earth a larger orbital circumference and a longer year. The Earth would also receive less sunlight, and therefore it would be less susceptible to overheating, which is an issue of great concern at the present time. However, we do not have any technology that is capable of altering the Earth's orbit. It would be extremely difficult to do, and very likely, we will never do such a thing, however useful it might be.
To calculate this speed, you need some more numbers, not just the distance from Earth to Sun. You need to know:* The gravitational constant * The distance from Earth to Sun * The mass of the Sun You DON'T need the mass of the Earth. Assume any mass; you can just call the mass of the Earth "m". Then calculate an expression for the gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun. Divide by the mass of the Earth, and you get a centripetal acceleration. Assuming a circular orbit for simplicity, the centripetal acceleration must be just this force. Use the formula for the centripetal acceleration along a circle (a = v squared / radius). (Don't forget to convert the distance from Earth to Sun, to meters!) Solve for "v".
The Earth makes a full turn around the sun once every year, knowing that and the circumference of the orbit you can calculcate the speed of earth which is approximately: distance / time = 30 km/s
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The "year", in this case, refers to how long the planet takes to orbit the Sun. Uranus is farther away from the Sun; as a result, its orbit has a larger circumference AND it moves more slowly.
Sirius is a star, so it doesn't have an orbit like the planets do. Thus, you can't calculate a year for Sirius. All you can do is estimate its age in Earth years.
The mean orbital velocity of Earth is about 29.783 kilometers per second. That's the speed the planet is moving through space in its orbit about the sun. Earth's speed varies a bit because its orbit is slightly eccentric, but that's why we say meanorbital velocity.One can calculate this value by knowing two facts:1. The earth is approximately 150 million km from the sun (mean distance) and travels approximately in a circular orbit2. It takes one year for the earth to complete one orbit around the sunUsing (1), we can calculate the circumference of the earth's orbit (C) using 2piR, where R is the mean radius. This gives usC ~ 300pi million kmfor the total distance traveled in one year. One can calculate the number of seconds in a year byT = 365 days/year *24 hours/day*60 minutes/hour*60 seconds/minuteThis is very close to 10pi million seconds (within 0.3%). The mean speed is then given by:V = C/T ~ 30 km/secAs can be seen, this simple calculation is within 1% of the accepted value.30 kilometers/second.
The earth's path around the sun is not a perfect circle. But it's close, and in order to answerthis question, we'll assume that it is.The earth's average distance from the sun ... the radius of the "circle" ... is 93 million miles.The distance traveled by earth around the sun in a year ... the circumference of the circle ... is(2 pi) times (radius) = 584.3 million miles(rounded)