First, determine which family it is in on the periodic table. The group number equals the number of valence electrons that it has. It needs to end up with eight valence electrons to have a full octet. So if it has seven valence electrons, it will gain one electron to be stable. On the other end of the table, it will lose electrons to be stable.
Xenon has eight stable naturally occuring isotopes. Besides these stable forms, there are over 40 unstable isotopes that have been studied.
Some elements are stable on their own because they have a complete outer energy level. These elements are called noble gases. Hydrogen and Helium have a complete energy level with two electrons and all of the other elements are stable with eight. When an element doesn't have a complete outer energy level it is stable in a compound. This is because it is being combined with another element to complete it's energy level.
Not all isotopes of gold are stable. Getting into the details is fairly complicated, but in essence it boils down to this: certain combinations of protons and neutrons are stable, and others aren't. For gold, there are stable combinations. For some other elements, it turns out that there is no number of neutrons that can stabilize that particular number of protons (francium, for example, has no stable isotopes).
the octet rule does
Noble gases are stable because they have a complete outer shell - that is, eight valence electrons. Other elements react in order to gain or lose valence electrons, but noble gases are satisfied.
A stable arrangement of electrons in the outer shell is 8, but fluorine has only 7, that is why it is unstable. It needs another electron, desperately. No other element craves electrons as strongly as fluorine does.
Valence electron are found in the outer shell of an atom. Depending on the number of valence electrons, the atom is more or less stable: fewer => less stable and more => more stable (inert). Stable = less likely to react with other atoms.
The most stable number of valence electrons is 2 for hydrogen and helium, which have only one electron shell in the shell model for atomic electron configurations, and 8 for all other elements.
the amount of times the number being divided by the other number goes in to the other number!
It is 15
Yes, by every other number.