It might be somewhere close to the "Help" options.
The root password is stored in hashed form in the /etc/shadow file.
the BootMgr file and the BCD file are stored in the system partition
Boot.ini file is stored in the root directory of the active partition. pag 786
in /etc/shadow file, encrypted
Percent signs surrounding a word represent an "environment variable". There are many command-line based applications and scripts that need to account for differences in file locations, system architecture, etc. SYSTEMROOT is such a variable, and is automatically maintained by Windows. It is commonly used in the Windows Registry to point to the correct location of items stored in the directory where Windows is stored, which defaults to C:\Windows\ (the system's root directory).
Pagefile.sys
Pagefile.sys
By using file System...
system partition
/boot is where the Linux kernel images, as well as parts of the bootloader are stored. The "root" is simply the uppermost directory in a Unix/Linux file system. Any directory that is not given it's own partition will be placed as a subdirectory in the file system on the "root" partition. Assuming you gave a partition to /etc, /bin, /boot, /usr, and so on, you wouldn't need a "root" partition at all.
A forward slash.
Filesystem is another name for a file system. It is used to control how data is stored and retrieved.