All of them.
Astronomers have used telescopes and charge coupled devices.
It just so happens that astronomers does not simply fly out there to have major fun. They do work. To answer your question, astronomers might for instance test theories on physical laws and stuff.
Surveyors, physicists, astronomers, construction people, chemists and other professions would use the trig functions outside of class. Burger flippers? Not so much.
Kepler used math to show that the orbits of planets were ellipses, that the period of revolution was proportional to distance, that areas swept out during equal time intervals were equal. Astronomers use math to calculate distance to stars, predict the position of stars in the sky from one year to the next.
math is used to show people the different ways math can be used such as fractions or decimals you name it
Parallax is the method that astronomers use to measure the distance from the sun to the earth.
telescopes
For example, if something is launched toward the ISS, scientists and astronomers have to take into account the altitude, the tangential speed, the speed of the object being launched, etc. Lots of math and calculus.
Telescopes
Math used to be called Arithmetic.
Name a year. Math was used then.
All astronomers are scientists.All astronomers are scientists.All astronomers are scientists.All astronomers are scientists.