Which mathematicians are very famous from the past that not many people know?

Answer 1

Well, this question has certainly shot itself in the foot.

If not many people know of a person, then by definition, it certainly seems that he can't be [very]8 famous.

As shining stars in the history of math who are, nonetheless, far from being household names, I would propose Pythagoras, Archimedes, Lorentz, Fermat, and Murray (Queen Isabella's court mathematician).

Answer 2

Some famous mathematicians from the past who may not be well-known to the general public include Carl Friedrich Gauss, who made significant contributions in various branches of mathematics, and Évariste Galois, who developed the theory of Galois groups before dying at a young age. Another lesser-known mathematician is Emmy Noether, who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics.