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It was Bengal. At present day Bengal is divided into Bangladesh and east Bengal. But clearly it was Bengal As mentioned in Richard M.Eaton's "The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760":
"In the late thirteenth century, Marco Polo noted the commercial importance of Bengali cotton, and in 1345 Ibn Battuta admired the fine muslin cloth he found there. Between 1415 and 1432 Chinese diplomats wrote of Bengal's production of fine cotton cloths (muslins), rugs, veils of various colors, gauzes (Pers., shāna-bāf), material for turbans, embroidered silk, and brocaded taffetas. A century later Ludovico di Varthema, who was in Gaur between 1503 and 1508, noted: "Fifty ships are laden every year in this place with cotton and silk stuffs. These same stuffs go through all Turkey, through Syria, through Persia, through Arabia Felix, through Ethiopia, and through all India." A few years later Tome Pires described the export of Bengali textiles to ports in the eastern half of the Indian ocean. Clearly, Bengal had become a major center of Asian trade and manufacture."
"Around 1508, Varthema found in Gaur "the richest merchants I have ever met with.""
From "Broken limbs, broken lives: ethnography of a hospital ward in Bangladesh" by Shahaduz Zaman:
"To Ibn Battuta, a 14th century travellar from Africa, Bengal was a 'hall full of bounties and the wealthiest and cheapest land of the world.'"
Manouchi - the Venetian who became chief physician to Aurangzeb (in the 17th century) wrote:
"Bengal is of all the kingdoms of the Moghul, best known in France..... We may venture to say it is not inferior in anything to Egypt - and that it even exceeds that kingdom in its products of silks, cottons, sugar, and indigo. All things are in great plenty here, fruits, pulse, grain, muslins, cloths of gold and silk..."
The French traveller, François Bernier described 17th century Bengal:
"The knowledge I have acquired of Bengal in two visits inclines me to believe that it is richer than Egypt. It exports in and abundance cottons silks, rice, sugar and butter. It produces amply for it's own consumption of wheat, vegetables, grains, fowls, ducks and geese. It has immense herds of pigs and flocks of sheep and goats. Fish of every kind it has in profusion. From Rajmahal to the sea is an endless number of canals, cut in bygone ages from the Ganges by immense labour for navigation and irrigation."
Jean BaptiseTavernier writing in the 17th century in his "Travels in India".
" ....even in the smallest villages rice, flour, butter, milk, beans and other vegetables, sugar and sweetmeats can be procured in abundance ...."
In 1757 Clive of the East India Company had observed of Murshidabad in Bengal:
"This city is as extensive, populous and rich as the city of London..."
Dacca was even more famous as a manufacturing town, It's muslin a source of many legends and its weavers had an international reputation that was unmatched in the medieval world. Sir Charles Trevelyan described Dacca as "Manchester of India".
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