This is a condition that should not happen under normal conditions. In North America the smallest home breaker is 15 amps. If a fault current is higher that the breaker setting the breaker will trip.
The only way the breaker could have tripped is, if when screwing the bulb out, the feed wires feeding the light socket turned and shorted out against each other.
Turn the power feed off and thoroughly check the feed wires. Make sure that the insulation is good all the way to the terminal points.
As a side note, if the circuit that the fixture is connected to is fully loaded to say 13 amps it would only take an additional 2 amps to trip the breaker. If the bulb flashed when you started turning the bulb out, this is most likely what happened.
the breaker goes to trip position
The ambient temperature does have an effect on the tripping point of a breaker. If a breaker is operating at near capacity the additional ambient temperature will lower the breaker trip set point.
It takes a finite amount of time to trip a breaker. The short you caused may not have tripped the breaker. If the dryer is no longer working there may be an internal reset that has tripped.
The trip coil has the whole circuit load amperage flowing through it. Thepurpose of the breaker is to only allow current up to its trip point. That is the only way that the breaker can sense if the current is within the limit rating. If the circuit load amperage becomes greater that the breaker rating it will trip. The trip coil that you refer to is a magnetic trip which senses the magnetic field that surrounds the wire. Breakers also have a thermal trip which senses a heat build up on the current flowing through it. If the breaker is in a high ambient temperature it will lower the rating on the breaker.
No, it does not have voltage in trip position.
the breaker goes to trip position
Breakers don't blow, they trip. Do you mean a fuse? If you are talking about a breaker, you can reset it. Wether it was a breaker tripping or a fuse blowing from installing a new bulb, if the light switch was on when you installed the bulb you got an initial surge from the immediate completion of the circuit. The only thing to be cautious about is a possible fault in the light bulb base. See if the new bulb lasts or if it burns out quickly, you might have a short in the light fixture which needs to be addressed because it could be a fire/electrical hazard. -- If the bulb is a "bayonet cap" bulb there are two contact pads on the base of the bulb and two barbs protruding from the sides. When the bulb is first inserted, before twisting to lock, the bulb contact pads can bridge the live contacts on some light fittings and short the circuit, causing the breaker to trip. Always turn the light switch off when changing a bulb (usually the up position). If you are not sure where "off" is then turn the light circuit off at the breaker and use a table lamp for ambient light.
Yes a shunt trip breaker can be activated manually.
The way to detect if a shunt trip breaker is malfunctioning is to manually trip the breaker. The shunt is usually wired through a auxiliary relay. Make sure that before you trip the breaker that the load can be shut off without taking a production line etc. off line. Trip the auxiliary relay using a test jumper to activate the relays coil. The breaker's handle will move to mid throw and the load will disconnect from the supply power. If the breaker trips then it is working properly. If the breaker does not trip trouble shoot the circuitry that is used to trip the breaker. Usual problem is an open circuit.
The cost of a shunt trip breaker depends on the amperage and number of poles the circuit connected to it needs. The cost of the shunt trip over a conventional breaker is substantially more.
The ampere frame rating for a circuit breaker designates how the circuit breaker should be configured. It also states the trip unit of the amp.
The ambient temperature does have an effect on the tripping point of a breaker. If a breaker is operating at near capacity the additional ambient temperature will lower the breaker trip set point.
A shunt-trip breaker trips when voltage is applied to the coil. It does not self-reset when the voltage is removed, the breaker must be reset manually. The trip voltage can either latch or be applied momentarily, but must be de-energized before the breaker will reset.
You need to call the power company to come out and see what is wrong. Sometimes there is a problem with their equipment, burnt out transformer, etc.
If it is a line thermostat and it is connected across the line instead of in series with the load then yes it will trip the breaker.
Try to check your breaker.the breaker trip off.
A scheme where a signal is sent to to a remote location to cause a trip. An example could be a breaker failure scheme. When the breaker is told to trip, and fails to do so, fiber communications could be used to transmit a trip signal from the local substation to the substation the next bus out to cause that breaker to trip.