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It depends if the gear is driving or being driven. A large gear pulling a smaller one gives speed, while a small gear pulling a larger one gives power.

The reason has to do with the number of times they turn in relation to each other. That is also known as the gear ratio. For instance, if a gear has to turn a gear that's ten times it's size, the drive gear has to turn ten times before the output gear turns once, thus converting speed to power. However, a gear driving a gear that is 1/10 its size means that the driven gear would get to turn ten times for each time the driving gear turns, thus converting power to speed.

In practical usage, keep in mind that older manual transmissions were made to where all the forward arrangements but the 4th gear were made to where the driving gear (the one connected most directly to the crank shaft of the engine) is smaller than the driven gear. So in the first three gears, the engine turned faster than the drive shaft. In those transmissions, 4th gear usually had both gears in that set the same size so the drive shaft is turning at the speed of the engine, Then once automakers began to add overdrive, that meant that 5 and higher gears were paired to where the driving gear (engine side) is larger than the driven gear (drive shaft side) to allow the drive shaft to turn faster than the engine.

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