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A 5 sided shape is called a pentagon because Geometry was studied (and practically invented) by the Greeks. The word pentagon is made up of two Greek words: πέντε γωνία which are:

πέντε (or pente) the Greek for 5

γωνία (or gonia) the Greek for Corner or Angle.

Thus the word "Pentagon" literally means "five angles", so a pentagon is a shape with five angles. Having five angles it also has five sides.

All two dimensional shapes are called polygons; this too comes from two Greek words:

πολλοί (polloi) meaning Many (transliterated into English as "poly")

γωνία (gonia) meaning Angle (as before).

Thus a "Polygon" is literally a "many angled" shape.

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Q: Why is a 5 sided shape called a pentagon?
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