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Answer 1. Nobody really knows.

Many years ago there was a verb in English ; to compass. It had several meanings which included "to measure a distance". Its origin was well known, from the Latin "to measure a distance by pacing it out". There are several archaic meanings, all of which are now expressed by the verb 'to encompass' q.v.

So far so good ; "to compass" has no mystery about it. What nobody can work out is how we got from the verb to the noun. A compass doesn't seem to have any connection with "to include" or "to pace out", and none of the verb meanings have anything to do with direction. Go figure.

Answer 2. Additionally:

It doesn't have to do with direction. The compass (compasses) is a bi-pole that's why it is defined as "a pair of compasses". It has to do with the line definition (two points define a line).

Answer 3. The second answer serves to further confuse a question which already confuses many people. The original answer only answered the question, which was "why is a compass called a compass ?" ; the answer assumed that the questioner knew what a compass was, and dealt only with the etymology of the word. Well, here's the answer to what the original questioner didn't ask.

  • A compass has everything to do with direction. It is a device to indicate the direction of magnetic north, which navigators or surveyors can correct to true north by using tables of "magnetic variation". Local values of the variation are usually printed on the sides of maps and charts.
  • A pair of compasses has nothing to do with direction. It is simply a pair of dividers with one of the points replaced by something that draws. It is used to describe an arc or draw a circle. Calling it "a compass" is now such a common solecism that some people don't even know what "a pair of compasses" is.
  • The compass of something is the range, domain or extent of that something. To understand this meaning exactly look up "encompass" in a good dictionary. To clear the last bit of confusion, two examples
  • Was the compass swung ? - Has our magnetic compass been adjusted ?
  • What is the compass of our charts? - What area is covered by them ?
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12y ago
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Q: Why is a compass called a compass?
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