It is NOT considered a universal truth. It used to be, because mathematicians considered it to be "self-evident", but more recently, mathematical systems both with and without the parallel axiom have been developed. It turns out the "non-euclidian geometries" are very useful. In the real world, the euclidian geometry does NOT apply - although in many cases it is a good approximation.
an axiom is a fact/property such as "ac = ca"
There is no difference - synonymous.
There are many kinds of statement that are not theorems: A statement can be an axiom, that is, something that is assumed to be true without proof. It is usually self-evident, but like Euclid's parallel postulate, need not be. A statement need not be true in all circumstances - for example, A*B = B*A (commutativity) is not necessarily true for matrix multiplication. A statement can be false. A statement can be self-contradictory for example, "This statement is false".
An axiom
An axiom, in Geometry, is a statement that we assume is true. Whether it is actually true or not is irrelevant. For the purpse of solving the problem, it is considered to be true.
A postulate is assumed to be a fact and used to derive conclusions. However, there is no assurance that the postulate is itself true and so all the derived conclusions may depend on a proposition that is not necessarily true. Euclid's fifth, or parallel) postulate in geometry is a notable example.
Probably the best known equivalent of Euclid's parallel postulate, contingent on his other postulates, is Playfair's axiom, named after the Scottish mathematician John Playfair, which states:In a plane, given a line and a point not on it, at most one line parallel to the given line can be drawn through the point.
Educated guess.
an axiom is a fact/property such as "ac = ca"
Yes they are. It is delineated in something called the parallel postulate, and the axiom is also called Euclid's fifth postulate. This is boilerplate Euclidean geometry, and a link can be found below if you'd like to review the particulars.
Parallel Postulate
Playfair Axiom
parallel postulate
There is no difference - synonymous.
A postulate or axiom
In classical studies, it is also called a postulate.
A postulate or axiom is an accepted statement of fact.