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Both the earth wire and the neutral originate from the star point of the transformer. The neutral is used to complete the circuit with one phase, while the earth wire is used to conduct any current from the exposed metal body of the equipment to earth and to the star point of the transformer. This is done to protect people and animals in the event of accidental contact with electricity.

Electricity will always follow the route of least resistance. Copper/aluminium has a much lower resistance than the human body. In the event of the live wire making contact with the earthed metal body of the equipment, the earth wire will conduct the electricity to the earth mass. Without an earth wire connected to complete the route of least resistance to earth, the human body will conduct the full load current to earth if you should touch the live metal of faulty equipment. This could result in electrocution

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Equipment ground-ING conductors (commonly called "ground wire" or "the ground" and is usually green or bare) and groundED conductors (commonly called the "neutral" and is usually white or gray) are required to be bonded together at the main service panel. It is common practice to put both ground and neutral conductors on the same buss bar in the main service panel which effectively bonds them together. Then, if the incoming neutral and outgoing grounding electrode conductor (that's the conductor that is connected to building ground, or ground rods, and/or water pipe ground) are connected to the same buss then everything is bonded together and grounded as required.

Ground wires and neutrals should not share a buss bar and should be isolated from each other in any sub-panel.

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Q: Why would both ground wires and neutral wires be on same buss bar?
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