Yes, no, and no. The mean uses all numbers so it WILL be influenced by an outlier (sometimes heavily). The median is the middle number, so it can't be. The mode is the most frequent number, so it really can't be.
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There would be a difference to the median. The old number wouldn't be the median but the mode wouldn't change. If the outlier is a high value, it will cause the mean value to shift to the higher side, while a low valued outlier will drop the mean value to a lower number.
who discovered mean median and mode
The mean is the average. The median is the middle. The mode is the most common.
a single number, -3, is its own mean, median, and mode.
In a symmetric distribution, the mean and the median are the same. Otherwise there is no relation. In symmetric distributions with only one mode, the mode will coincide with the mean and median, but otherwise there is no relation.