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Three (of many) anthropogenic causes of Tundra decline are Climate Change, Overfishing/Hunting, and Development.

I'm sure you are aware of climate change and the effects on temperature. Leads to invasive species and the spread of new habitat while reducing actual tundra habitat.

Overfishing and hunting obviously wreak havoc on the ecosystem.

Development is a more complicated one. If you run an oil pipeline down the middle of Alaska, and build a bunch of access roads all over the place, then you fracture the natural landscape. This fracturing reduces the habitat into several smaller ones, and species are often cut off from each other. This inhibits their breeding ability and what not.

Add to the last one that plant regeneration in tundra is extremely slow. If you drive a car over a part of the tundra, the tracks can remain there for months, even years! This probably has the most immediate effect on the biome itself (and climate change/greenhouse gasses, etc), but they are all related. The fact that by travelling on the tundra it disturbs the perma -frost layer and the vegetation which has a hard time to grow in the first place

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Q: How have humans affected the tundra in a positive and negatively ways?
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What is a positive effect humans have on the tundra?

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How do humans affect the arctic tundra?

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