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Theory of x and y

Updated: 4/28/2022
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In The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor (1960) defined two sets of assumptions about human nature and explained how these affect people's attempts to influence the behavior of others, especially how they affect managers' attitudes toward employees.

Theory X Assumptions:
  • People inherently dislike work.
  • People must be coerced or controlled to do work to achieve objectives.
  • People prefer to be directed.

Theory Y Assumptions:
  • People view work as being as natural as play and rest.
  • People will exercise self-direction and -control towards achieving objectives they are committed to.
  • People learn to accept and seek responsibility.

By, Menaka Jayananda

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