Column , to add/subtract vertically.
e.g.
123
+45
This is addition in column form . Start by going to the right hand column (The UNITS).; 3 + 5 = 8
'8' goes in the units column answer below the answer line.
Hence
123
+45
8
We then move to the next column to the left (The TENS); 2 + 4 = 6
'6' goes in the tens column answer below the answer line
Hence
123
+45
68
We then move to the next column to the left again (The HUNDREDS); 1 + 0 = 1
'1' goes in the hundreds column answer below the answer line
Hence
123
+45
168
=== The answer!!!!!
Subtraction
145
-23
122
--- The answer
Again you subtract (take away) column by column , starting from the right hand column. e.g. 5 - 3 = 2
et.seq.,
Personally I find the mechanical method of addition/subtraction far easier than the modern 'line number' system. In pre-calculator days , this would be the method used.
The column names are from the right
1 =Units
10 = tens
100 =- hundreds
1000 = thousands
10,000 = tens of thousands
100,000 hundreds of thousands
1,000,000 = millions
1,000,000,000 = billions
1,000,000,000,000 = trillions.
et seq
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