Any letter can be used - including symbols from other alphabets. For example, Greek letters are often used. The generic name for such a letter is "variable".
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Usually the letter n stands for number, and it means some unspecified number.
It is called a variable
It's called a Pro numeral.
Variable
In algebra, 'x' just stands for an unknown number, or a variable, so it depends on the value of 'x'. If 'x' is 3, then the answer would be 1.