arithmetic starts with m while number theory starts with n
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the main branches of mathematics are algebra, number theory, geometry and arithmetic.
it almost the same but they make the theory more complecated and chalanged
Number Theory
In number theory, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, also called the unique factorization theorem or the unique-prime-factorization theorem, states that every integergreater than 1 either is prime itself or is the product of prime numbers, and that this product is unique, up to the order of the factors.
Because it is a factor of that number. Factors are a fundamental part of number theory