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A graph of Charles Law shows the relationship between temperature and volume of gas.
Here are some examples that commonly appear in engineering. Cubic function: The volume of similar objects (for example two cubes, two spheres, two cylinders with the same length-to-diameter ratio, etc.) is proportional to the cube of their diameter. For example, if you increase the diameter of a sphere by a factor "x", then its volume will increase by a factor "x cubed". Reciprocal: There are many situations where one variable is inversely proportional to another - if one increases, the other decreases - the second variable is equal to some constant, times the reciprocal function. For example, this is the case with the relationship between pressure and volume in the ideal gas law - as well as the relationship between some other variables in the ideal gas law.
The relationship between pressure and flow is given by Bernoulli's law. In an idealized system, the speed increases with the square of the increase in pressure. The flow rate would be given by multiplying the area of the outflow by the speed.
Positive law is the same thing as human law. So any type of law that is promulgated by the states/government is a positive law. For example, the speed limit is a positive law. Laws against murder are also positive laws, but they are based on the Natural Law. All positive laws should be based on the Natural Law, but they are not. The laws on abortion, for example, are contrary to the Natural Law; however, the laws on abortion are positive laws.
Boyle's law states this fact.