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When John Turkey was inventing the box-and-whisker plot in 1977 to display these values, he picked 1.5*IQR (inter-quartile range) as the demarcation line for outliers. This has worked so well, so we've continued using that value ever since.

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Q: Why do you multiply by 1.5 in a box and whiskers plot?
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What is the similarities between box and whiskers plot and stem and leaf plot?

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