A full time 4x4 system employs 3 differentials to differentiate the input from the road to the transmission. A part time only has two differentials at the axles.
Power is transfered to the tires via the engine to the gearbox to the transfers case though the propeller shafts to the diffs and ultimately to the wheel and tires. In a full time system, this translated to 1 wheel drive of your center diff is not locked... (confused...??)
In a part time system, the power is transfered though the same network minus the center differential. essentially its a 2 wheel drive (1 front and 1 rear) unless you have traction control devices such as lockers or LSD units installed... (more confused??..)
Full time transfers all power to all wheels assuming that the coefficient of traction is equal. Power transfer rock between front and rear and left and right dependent upon the terrain as well as the direction you wheels are pointing... (now you really confused...)
Part time lock the front and rear power distribution 50:50 so you get equal power to front and rear. Whether its to the right or left up front or on the rear is yet dependent again on the coefficient of drag at the wheels as well as the terrain. (now we're getting somewhere right??)
A full time system can be used on dry tarmac. A part time can't.
A full time systems need to be locked in the center differential when going off road. A part time system is locked once you put it into 4x4.
NEVER USE PART TIME IN 4X4 ON DRY TARMAC
NEVER LEAVE THE CENTER DIFFERENTIAL UNLOCKED IN OFF ROAD CONDITIONS AS YOU'LL BE IN 1 WHEEL DRIVE AND CAN SNAP A DRIVE SHAFT THE MOMENT ON WHEEL LEAVES THE GROUND.
Do your research on the part time / full time system... Diagram are required for further understanding.
Happy wheeling
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