Porosity is measured by taking a sample of the soil. The sample is then tested to measure the speed of water passing through the soil.
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The relationship between density and porosity is an indirect proportionality.That is, the higher the density of a rock, the lower will be the porosity of that rock.In a more explicit way, the weight of over-lying rocks increase the density of the rock beneath, which in turn decreases the amount of pore spaces (porosity) of the rock through processes such as compaction, cementation, etc. Posted by Nwigwudu Ikechukwu.
A volume fraction of a material that is empty, or without material.
A tsunameter.
The magnitude of an earthquake is measured with a seismograph and the readout is measured using the Richter scale - See Sources and related links for more information.
Earthquakes are measured using a seismograph. There is no exact science to predicting an earthquake. Scientists can only project the possibility of an earthquake occurring. This is based on measured seismic activity within a specific concentrated zone.