send a beam of light through the air, measure the intensity before (Io) and after (I) it goes through.
optical depth = -ln(I/Io).
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A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
barograph is use to record in graphical form the continuous changes in the atmospheric pressure.
In weather maps, atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars. Standard atmospheric pressure is 1013.2 millibars at sea level. Air pressure varies depending on temperature and air density.
The temperature of the air is a measure of the degree of molecular movement of all the Nitrogen and Oxygen molecules that largely make up air. Technically, it is determined by getting the average speed of a body's molecules.
using satellites,radar and other technologies,meterologists study the atmospheric conditions that produce weather. 2.many meterologists work as weather observes and measure factors such as wind speed, temperature, and rainfall. this weather information is then use weather maps,satellite images and computer models to patterns of weather forecasts.