YES. A thermocline is a sudden change in the temperature of the water. A halocline is a sudden change in the salinity of the water. A pycnocline is a sudden change in both. The warmer, fresh water will advance to the top of the water, and the cold, salty water will stay at the bottom. Since there are two factors effecting this, pycnoclines happen to be more distinct.
pycnocline
A pycnocline is a type of ecocline (or "cline" for short), just as thermocline and halocline are. An ecocline is where a series of biocommunities display a continuous gradient. A pycnocline is the difference in water density. A thermocline is the difference in water temperature. A halocline is the difference in water salinity
The pycnocline is the ocean layer with the greatest density gradient. Internal waves are often caused by currents, which are caused by differing densities. Also, any disturbance to the pycnocline (such as ships, storms, tides, etc.) can generate internal waves.
Halocline
Transition zone
pycnocline
Pycnocline
Density
YES. A thermocline is a sudden change in the temperature of the water. A halocline is a sudden change in the salinity of the water. A pycnocline is a sudden change in both. The warmer, fresh water will advance to the top of the water, and the cold, salty water will stay at the bottom. Since there are two factors effecting this, pycnoclines happen to be more distinct.
Density variations of seawater with latitude are very similar to those for temperature variations with latitude. Because of the influence of temperature on seawater density, low latitudes exhibit lower densities at the surface that rapidly increase with depth. Higher latitudes exhibit little or no difference in density owing to the lack of a thermocline. Such a rapid change in density with depth is called a pycnocline, and like a thermocline is absent at higher latitudes.
Water stratification is when water masses with different properties - salinity (halocline), oxygenation (chemocline), density (pycnocline), temperature (thermocline) - form layers that act as barriers to water mixing which could lead to anoxia or euxinia.
Water temperatureHow well mixed the water is (for example, the presence or absence of a pycnocline)How much oxygen is being produced by biological processes (such as photosynthesis by plants), andHow much oxygen is being used up by abiotic and biological processes (for example, respiration or the decomposition of organic matter such as dead phytoplankton) in the water column or in the sediments and, at the sediment-water interface.