The chromosphere is a thin layer of the Sun's atmosphere, situated above the photosphere and below the transition region. It typically extends about 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers in thickness. Given that the Sun's radius is approximately 696,340 kilometers, the chromosphere occupies a small fraction of the radius, roughly 0.0029 to 0.0043, or about 0.29% to 0.43% of the solar radius.
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A sudden increase in brightness of the chromosphere of the sun is known as a solar flare. These are intense bursts of radiation that happen when magnetic energy that has built up in the solar atmosphere is suddenly released. Solar flares can cause disruptions in radio communications and satellite operations on Earth.
In the chromosphere, temperatures rise with increasing altitude and reach up to around 7,800 degrees Fahrenheit. This layer of the Sun's atmosphere is most visible during a solar eclipse when it appears as a reddish or pinkish ring around the Sun. It plays a key role in the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and the acceleration of solar wind.
The Sun's atmosphere is comprised of different layers: the photosphere (visible surface), the chromosphere (middle layer), and the corona (outer layer). These layers are made up of different compositions of gases and are responsible for phenomena like solar flares, prominences, and the solar wind.
Jupiter's average orbital radius from the Sun is about 484 million miles, or 778 million kilometers.
The layers of the sun, from innermost to outermost, are the core, the radiative zone, the convective zone, the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the corona. In the core, nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into helium, releasing energy. The radiative and convective zones transport this energy to the photosphere, where light and heat are emitted. The chromosphere and corona are the outermost layers, with the corona producing the solar wind.