They are based on numbers or units being related to one another numbers by powers of 10.
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The metric system is mostly a decimal system of measurement.
This is because the metric system and our number system are both based on powers of ten.
80 grams in decimal form is simply 80. Grams are a unit of mass in the metric system, and when expressed in decimal form, there is no need for any conversion or calculation.
Jefferson designed a decimal system for weights and measures which was proposed to Congress before the metric system (The SI system) which is now used throughout the world. He also devised a decimal system for the currency based on the Spanish dollar. The former was rejected by Congress and the US stuck to the clumsy British system, adding some further problems by redefining a gallon and so on. The US is one of a handful of countries still stuck with the Imperial system though it did adopt the decimal currency in 1792.
The decimal system is one of numbers, not of measurement. A decimal number is simply a way of representing a number in such a way that the place value of each digit is ten times that of the digit to its right.