List their factors. Prime numbers have two factors, composite numbers have more than two.
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A Prime number has only 2 factors which are 1 and itself. Composite numbers are everything else except 1 and 0. 1 and 0 are neither prime, nor composite.
The product of two prime numbers will be composite.
Products of prime numbers are composite numbers.
The opposite of prime numbers are composite numbers.
Composite numbers have more than two factors. So, the numbers which have two or less than two factors are not composite numbers. Numbers which have exactly two factors are prime numbers. 1 is an exceptional case because it is neither prime nor composite since it has only one factor which is 1.
Prime numbers have two factors, composite numbers have more than two.