What does prime factorization mean in math?

Answer 1

It means splitting the number into the primes that when multiplied together make the original number.

For example the prime factorisation of 28 is 2 x 2 x 7 since 2 x 2 x 7 = 28.

This prime factorization of 28 could be written as 22 x 7 using powers to collate (collect together) multiple copies of the same prime.

Answer 2

All numbers have factors. Some factors are prime numbers. These are known as prime factors.