Consider these two risks:-
1) that you will be hit by a meteorite.
2) that you will be sick because you ate bad food.
The first risk is uncontrollable because there is nothing you can do to lessen it. However the second risk is controllable because you can take care to see that your food is fresh and well cooked - in other words you can lessen this risk.
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Proper factors do not include one and the number itself.
Factors go into the number. The number goes into multiples.
The greatest common factor is the largest of the common factors.
3 x 19 = 57. 19-3 = 16
The difference is that a prime number only has two factors that's one and itself, a composite has more factors than one and itself.