If the refractive index is k then the speed of light is c/k metres per second where c is the speed of light in vacuum (approx 299,792,458 m/s).
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A key is the name of a variable in an array ($array["key"]) and the index is the position it's at ($array = ["key" => 0], the index would be 0). Keys and indices are the same if the array is not associative though ($array = [true], the key holding the value true is named 0 and is at index 0).
The index notation of 294 is 2 x 3^5, where 2 is the base and 5 is the exponent. This means that 294 can be expressed as the product of 2 and 3 raised to the power of 5. In index notation, the number is broken down into its prime factors and expressed as a product of primes with corresponding exponents.
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4^3x5^2
648 expressed as a product of its prime factors in index form is 2^3 times 3^4