The concept of a complex number appears to be first conceived by Gerolamo Cardano (about 1545). See Related Link. The work of Euler in the 1700's helped to make them more useful, though.
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Complex math covers how to do operations on complex numbers. Complex numbers include real numbers, imaginary numbers, and the combination of real+imaginary numbers.
The complex numbers are a field.
All of them. Real numbers are a subset of complex numbers.
Gerolamo Cardano is an Italian mathematician who introduced complex numbers. Complex numbers are those that can be expressed in the form of a+bi where a and b represent real numbers.
Yes, all real numbers are complex numbers.