Probably, when one of our brainy ancestors realised that 2 bananas and 3 bananas are not quite the same thing. Unfortunately, detailed historical records were not being maintained, in those days.
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Numbers were invented to indicate quantity: how many of anything we had
W.R.Hamilton
There is no one person who invented it there are several people who had contributed.
Well, no one knows who exactly 'invented' rational numbers. Most nations believed all numbers were rational until Pythagoreas proved this untrue by the square root of two.
prime numbers are invented by srinivasan ramanujan, an Indian mathematician.