The one whose members all have three or more factors.
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Composite numbers are distinct from prime numbers, but not completely opposite.
No. One, a counting number, doesn't belong to either of those sets.
To any set that contains it! It belongs to {14}, or {14, sqrt(2), pi, -3/7}, or all whole numbers between 3 and 53, or multiples of 7, or composite numbers, or counting numbers, or integers, or rational numbers, or real numbers, etc.
If you mean larger by "the set of whole numbers strictly contains the set of natural numbers", then yes, but if you mean "the set of whole numbers has a larger cardinality (size) than the set of natural numbers", then no, they have the same size.
Both belong to set of whole numbers. There are infinite prime and composite numbers.