Phythagoras believed that all relationships in the world could be expressed in numbers.
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Real numbers are any numbers that could be on a number line. Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as fractions. Real irrational numbers are things like pi or the square root of 2.
Hippasus, However Pythagoras could not accept the existence of irrational numbers, because he believed that all numbers had perfect values. But he could not disprove Hippasus' "irrational numbers" and so Hippasus was thrown overboard and drowned.
Many numbers could have 18 as their GCD (greatest common demoninator/divisor). for instance, 18 and 36 have 18 as their GCD. In general, if you have 2 numbers who's GCD is 18, then those numbers could be expressed as 18x and 18y such that x and y are relatively prime (share no factors, other than 1).
Any number that can be expressed as the ratio x/y where x and y are both positive integers. [Technically, they could both be negative, but not one of each.]
Oh, what a lovely question! Let's paint a happy little picture with numbers. Three rational numbers between 15 and 16 could be 15.1, 15.5, and 15.9. Just like adding different colors to a painting, numbers can be placed in between other numbers to create a beautiful sequence. Happy calculating!