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There are many factors that affect the loss of energy:
1 the resistance of the wire
2 the kettle will keep most heat in but not all heat within the kettle so more energy is lost
3 the water will evaporate out the top and that is also a cause. (they can't close it off otherwise the pressure would build and it would explode).

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Polly Rice

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Q: Why is kettle not 100 percent efficient?
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