Any letter of the alphabet - or indeed other alphabets - can be used. The letters c and k are the more common symbols because they represent the phonetic start of "constant".
Variables are often represented by the initial letter of the variable: v for velocity, t for time, m for mass and so on, or by letters at either end of the alphabet: a, b, c or x, y, z. Clearly, it can be confusing to use any of these as the constant of proportionality. So, through convention, k was selected as the default symbol.
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You need to know the basic relationship between the variables: whether they are directly of inversely proportional to each other - or to a power of the other. Also, you need one scenario for which you know the values of both variables.So suppose you have 2 variables A and B and that A is directly proportional to the xth power of B where x is a known non-zero number. [If the relationship is inverse, then x will be negative.]Then A varies as B^x or A = k*B^xThe nature of the relationship gives you the value of x, and the given scenario gives you A and B. Therefore, in the equation A = k*B^x, the only unknown is k and so you can determine its value.
V/t=p
They are members of the set of numbers of the form 7*k where k is an integer which takes 1000 different values..
It is the value of the constant which appears in an equation relating the volume, temperature and pressure of an ideal gas. Its value is 8.314 4621 Joules/(Mol K).
You take its reciprocal, that is you divide 1 by the number. A rational number can be written as a fraction with integer values in both the numerator and denominator, j/k. The multiplicative inverse of a number is what you have to multiply by to get a product of 1. Putting these ideas together, the multiplicative inverse is the reciprocal, or k/j: (j/k) * (k/j) = 1.